Periodontology (Gum Disease Treatment)

Periodontology

Periodontology is the branch of dentistry that deals with the diseases and treatment of the soft tissues (periodontal ligament, gums) and hard tissues (bone, cementum) that surround the teeth and ensure their attachment. These supporting tissues nourish the teeth, cover the jawbone, and secure the teeth firmly in the jaw. The care of these tissues is just as important as the care of the teeth themselves. If periodontal diseases are not treated in time and correctly, they may lead to tooth loss and even contribute to the development of certain systemic diseases.

Characteristics of Healthy Gums

• Do not bleed during brushing

• Pale pink in color, matte and firm in texture

• Hug the tooth like a collar, ending in a knife-edge contour where they meet the tooth

• Have a natural space of about 1–1.5 mm between the gum and the tooth

Common Symptoms of Gum Diseases

• Gum bleeding (during brushing or spontaneously)

• Gum recession or loosening of gums away from the tooth

• Bone loss in the jaw supporting the teeth, often accompanying gum recession

• Burning sensation, swelling, redness, or color changes in the gums

• Purulent discharge from the gum pockets

• Persistent bad breath and unpleasant taste in the mouth

• Poor adaptation of partial dentures

• Teeth becoming loose or drifting apart, causing new gaps or widening of existing ones

• Gum itching or the urge to touch/scratch the gums

Treatments for Gum Diseases

The treatment process for periodontal diseases should progress through diagnosis, treatment, and regular follow-ups.

• Patient education on oral and dental health and oral hygiene is crucial.

• Removal of tartar and plaque is performed.

• If necessary, deep cleaning of the gum pockets (curettage) is carried out.

• Curettage may be supported with prescribed medication by the dentist.

• In advanced cases, periodontal surgery (gum surgery) may be required, especially in cases of gum recession or bone loss, both to treat and to prevent recurrence.

• These surgical and clinical treatments can be performed with conventional methods or, if recommended by the dentist, with laser applications. Laser technology has been increasingly and successfully used in recent years in the treatment of gum diseases.