Endodontics (Root Canal Treatment)

Endodontics is the branch of dentistry concerned with the treatment of root canals in teeth. Inside the hard tissue of the tooth (beneath the enamel and dentin layers) lies the pulp, a chamber containing lymph vessels, blood vessels, and nerve bundles that keep the tooth alive. This structure, called the pulp chamber, enables the growth and eruption of teeth.

If tooth decay is not treated in its early stages, it progresses and reaches the pulp. At this stage, the pulp becomes inflamed and causes severe toothache. Eventually, the acids produced by bacteria destroy the pulp. In addition to decay, certain tooth fractures may also damage the pulp. To preserve the tooth and surrounding tissues, the infected pulp must be removed. This procedure is called root canal treatment.

How Root Canal Treatment is Performed

The procedure is performed under local anesthesia, ensuring the patient feels no pain.
A small opening (cavity) is made from the crown of the tooth into the pulp chamber.
The infected pulp tissue is removed, the nerves are extracted, and the canals are disinfected and enlarged.
After cleaning, the canals are filled and sealed with special materials up to the root tip.
Finally, the crown portion of the tooth is restored with a filling or crown, depending on the extent of damage.

Why Root Canal Treatment is Critical

Root canal treatment is a vital procedure. If delayed, toxins from the infection can spread beyond the root tip into the jawbone, causing severe inflammation. This not only leads to tooth loss but can also damage the surrounding tissues.